Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What letters represent the four bases?
a. | A, B, C, D | c. | A, T, G, C | b. | W, X, Y, Z | d. | E, Y, A, O |
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2.
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Using X-ray diffraction, what did Rosalind Franklin show the shape of DNA to
be?
a. | a circle | c. | a square | b. | a spiral | d. | a line |
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3.
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Watson and Crick built a DNA model like a
a. | long, twisted ladder. | c. | straight line. | b. | piece of twine. | d. | pyramid. |
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4.
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The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of
a. | guanine and thymine. | c. | sugar and phosphate. | b. | adenine and cytosine. | d. | helixes and
twists. |
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5.
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To be copied, a DNA molecule splits
a. | across the top. | c. | along the sides. | b. | down the middle. | d. | along the
phosphates. |
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6.
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Three bases code for one
a. | cell. | c. | protein. | b. | DNA. | d. | amino acid. |
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7.
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Which best expresses the relationship between genes and DNA?
a. | Genes contain DNA. | c. | Both contain chromosomes. | b. | DNA destroys
genes. | d. | They are
unrelated. |
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8.
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Who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of
thymine?
a. | Rosalind Franklin | c. | Erwin Chargaff | b. | James Watson | d. | Francis Crick |
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9.
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What is the type of mutation where a base is added to the gene?
a. | deletion | c. | insertion | b. | substitution | d. | ultraviolet |
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10.
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Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is
a. | genetic engineering. | c. | genetic disease. | b. | DNA fingerprinting. | d. | DNA cloning. |
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11.
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What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule?
a. | mRNA, tRNA, and a ribosome | c. | chromosomes and
genes | b. | sugar, phosphate, and base | d. | amino acid, base, and protein |
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12.
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The complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA is
a. | ATGAGT. | c. | GTAGAT. | b. | GACAGT. | d. | ATCAGT. |
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13.
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What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or
straight?
a. | a chromatid | c. | proteins | b. | RNA | d. | ultraviolet
radiation |
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14.
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Which item is genetic engineering NOT currently used for?
a. | to genetically alter plants | c. | to manufacture
proteins | b. | to repair damaged genes | d. | to create natural gas |
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15.
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Along with a sugar and a phosphate, what is the third part of a
nucleotide?
a. | a base | c. | a chromosome | b. | a protein | d. | a ribosome |
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16.
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What is a string of nucleotides called?
a. | a ribosome | c. | a rule | b. | a gene | d. | a chromosome |
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17.
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What does each gene have instructions for making?
a. | a cell | c. | a protein | b. | a ribosome | d. | RNA |
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18.
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Where does messenger RNA go?
a. | to a protein | c. | to a ribosome | b. | to a genetic engineer | d. | to a chromosome |
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19.
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Which type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia?
a. | substitution | c. | deletion | b. | insertion | d. | mutagen |
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20.
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Which is the first step of DNA replication?
a. | Two complete, identical strands of DNA pair up. | b. | New nucleotides
attach to exposed bases. | c. | A strand of DNA splits down the
middle. | d. | Adenine and thymine make a base pair. |
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21.
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Which is the first step of protein production?
a. | tRNA dropping amino acids | b. | mRNA going through a
ribosome | c. | RNA making a mirror-like copy of a DNA sequence | d. | tRNA translating the
mRNA message |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each
term may only be used once. Some terms may not be used.
| nucleotides | mutagens | | thymine | mutations | | genetic engineering | insertion | | ribosome | cytosine | | |
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22.
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DNA is composed of subunits known as ____________________.
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23.
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Chargaff’s rules state that the amount of ____________________ in DNA is
always equal to the amount of guanine.
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Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences
below.
| guanine | complementary | | replicate | thymine | | |
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24.
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Pairs of bases match up because they are ____________________ to each
other.
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Short Answer; Worth 2 pts each. Write in complete sentences.
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25.
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What are the three types of mutations?
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26.
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Are all mutations harmful? Explain your answer.
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27.
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List some causes of DNA mutations.
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28.
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Arrange these words in order from smallest part to largest: DNA, nucleotide,
chromosome, gene, base.
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29.
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Why can a mutation in DNA lead to disease? Briefly explain your answer.
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30.
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A scientist invents a genetic test that indicates people in some families have a
higher risk of a rare disease. Is this an example of DNA fingerprinting or genetic engineering?
Briefly explain your answer.
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Essay; COMPLETE ONLY ONE ESSAY PROBLEM! Worth 4 pts. extra
credit. Write in complete sentences.
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31.
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Tell about a problem that our increasing genetic knowledge could solve in the
future. Give specifics.
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32.
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Describe a nucleotide. What are the parts that make up a nucleotide? What are
the differences in the four types of nucleotides? What larger things is a nucleotide part of?
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